ANGIOKERATOMA: A RARE MANIFESTATION

Angiokeratoma shows dilatation of capillaries in the upper dermis and it also shows some epidermal changes, like- hyperkeratosis, papillomatosis, and thickening of epidermis or acanthosis .Clinical presentation of angiokeratoma includes plaques over the skin of lower limbs, mostly on the buttocks or thigh. It is usually identified clinically but a definitive diagnosis is made only on histopathological examination.A deeper biopsy of the lesion is empirically essential to make a concrete diagnosis as the characteristic changes seen in angiokeratoma, are limited to superficial dermis. Our case report has a 24 years old female presenting with unilateral, linear, bluish-black verrucous plaque on the back of left elbow.

PARATHYROID ADENOMA: A RARE TUMOUR CASE REPORT

Parathyroid adenoma is a rare tumour and are generally small size (< 2 cm) and <1gm weight. Giant adenomas are infrequent, are mostly elucidated as > 3.5 gm weight, along with few reports weights up to 110 gm. Parathyroid adenoma are usually found with primary hyperparathyroidism syndrome which is common, seen as third most common endocrine disorder. In this study a case of 52-year-old lady was refereed with complain of neck swelling, lethargy and generalized drowsiness. The results obtained from laboratory revealed increased serum calcium and increased parathyroid hormone. There is no significant history of renal stone, renal dysfunction or any family history of endocrinal tumours. Ultrasonography revealed a composite nodule with cystic and solid elements. Focused surgical neck exploration was performed with removal of 4 gm adenoma . Microscopic examination showed, encapsulated lesion formed of chief cells of parathyroid organized within network of capillaries. The most exact mechanism for localizing a Parathyroid Adenoma is altogether MIBI scan along with neck ultrasonography. Surgical excision with monitoring of parathyroid hormone screening during operation is the recommended conductance. Need for the intraoperative Parathyroid hormone monitoring is debatable in Parathyroid adenoma due to accuracy of preoperative imaging.

HIGH GRADE GLIOMA IN A 2 1/2 YEAR OLD: A CASE REPORT

INTRODUCTION- Gliomas are the tumor of glial cells found in Central nervous System. High Grade Gliomas are rare in pediatric age group. Definitive diagnosis is made by histopathological examination. A 2 ½ year old male admitted with the complaint of abnormal tonic-clonic body movements along with headache, nausea, vomiting and fever. CT scan showed a poorly circumscribed hypodense lesion involving fronto- parietal region. Surgery was performed and specimen sent for histopathological examination. Histopathological examination showed features of high grade glioma like microvascular proliferation, necrosis and haemorrhage. Cerebral tumors are the most common childhood neoplastic tumors. Gliomas are generally classified into low grade glioma and high grade glioma. High Grade glioma is rare in pediatric age group. Most commonly they present in supra tentorial compartment. The most common cerebral cortex involved are frontal lobe followed by parietal and temporal. Clinical signs and symptoms of High grade gliomas are seizure, headache, nausea, vomiting and visual disturbances. CT scan showed a poorly circumscribed hypodense lesion involving left fronto- parietal region mainly. Definitive diagnosis of high grade glioma is by histopathological examination. Histopathological examination showed hypercellular heterogeneous tumor lying on a fibrillary background. Areas of microvascular proliferation along with necrosis and haemorrhage are also seen. Surgical resection followed by chemotherapy and local radiotherapy are the present recommendation. High grade gliomas are rare pediatric tumor associated with poor outcome. Surgery was performed due to neurological worsening, which was unsuccessful and patient died. Diagnosis was confirmed on histopathological examination. Poor prognosis and high morbidity even after evolution of treatment, demands further research to improve the prognosis and reduce morbidities

PYLORIC GLAND ADENOMA OF STOMACH: A RARE CASE

Pyloric gland adenoma is an uncommon precancerous polypoidal growth. Pyloric gland adenoma of stomach accounts for 2.7% of all gastric polyp. Mostly Pyloric gland adenoma are found in stomach but can be found in other anatomical sites. Pyloric gland adenoma of stomach occur in elderly population and having female predominance. Pyloric gland adenoma of stomach is commonly seen in chronic gastritis patients, autoimmune gastritis but can also occur in some genetic disease like familial adenomatous polyposis and Lynch syndrome. Early identification and therapeutic polypectomy by endoscopically and histopathological evaluation and confirmation of pyloric gland adenoma may reduce the chances of transformation of invasive adenocarcinoma